inattentive 的核心含义是“注意力不集中的”,指某人未能将注意力投向当前应该关注的对象。其本义描述一种认知状态:在需要专注的场合(如听课、开会、驾驶)中,心思游离或对细节缺乏警觉。由此引申出两个相关义项:一是“疏忽的、失职的”,强调因不留意而导致对责任或他人需求的忽视,如 inattentive to one's duties;二是“不体贴的、冷淡的”,用于描述人际关系中未能给予对方应有的关注,如 an inattentive partner。这三个义项共享同一逻辑:注意力的缺失,从纯粹的认知层面扩展到行为责任和情感关怀层面。
inattentive 是形容词,可作定语(an inattentive student)或表语(He is inattentive)。作表语时,常接介词 to 引出对象:inattentive to details / to one's needs。也可接 in 表示在某个活动或领域中不专心:inattentive in class。注意不要与 inattentive 的副词形式 inattentively 混淆,后者修饰动词。常见错误是漏掉介词 to,直接说 inattentive details,这是不正确的。另外,inattentive 本身不表示“粗心大意”的全部含义,若强调造成后果的疏忽,需结合上下文或选用 negligent。
inattentive 属于中性偏正式词汇,语域中等偏高,常见于书面语和正式场合。它带有轻微贬义,用于评价他人时可能被视为批评,需注意语气。在学术或专业语境中,它比 careless 更客观。常见误用包括:一是将 inattentive 与 inattentive to 混淆,漏掉介词;二是用它描述事物而非人,如 an inattentive error(错误),应改为 an error due to inattention;三是过度使用于日常闲聊,显得过于正式。此外,inattentive 不用于形容故意忽视,故意忽视应用 ignore 或 disregard。
常见搭配
inattentive to
inattentive in class
inattentive driver
inattentive student
inattentive to details
inattentive to one's duties
seem inattentive
chronically inattentive
句子示例
The teacher noticed that several students were inattentive during the lecture.老师注意到几名学生在讲座中不专心。
He was inattentive to his wife's emotional needs, which caused tension in their marriage.他对妻子的情感需求不够关注,导致婚姻关系紧张。
An inattentive driver can easily cause a serious accident.疏忽大意的司机很容易造成严重事故。
The report criticized the manager for being inattentive to safety regulations.报告批评经理对安全规定疏忽大意。
She seemed inattentive in class, but her test scores were surprisingly high.她在课堂上似乎不专心,但考试成绩却出奇地高。
In legal terms, an inattentive party may still be liable if harm was foreseeable.在法律上,如果损害是可预见的,疏忽的一方仍可能承担责任。