in possession of 的本义是“处于对某物的占有状态”,强调占有的事实或状态,而非动作。其核心义项有二:一是“拥有”(have or hold),多指具体物品或财产,如“He is in possession of a rare manuscript.”(他拥有一份罕见的手稿。);二是“持有”(be in control of),可引申为对信息、证据、技能等的掌握,如“The police are in possession of new evidence.”(警方掌握了新证据。)。引申关系上,从物理上的“占有”扩展到抽象的“掌握”,体现出从具体到抽象的引申路径。
该短语多用于正式场合,如法律文本、新闻报道、商务邮件和学术写作。在正式语境中,它强调客观的占有状态,语气中性、严谨。例如,法律文本中“be in possession of illegal drugs”指“持有非法毒品”;新闻报道中“The suspect was found in possession of stolen goods.”(嫌疑犯被发现持有赃物。)。在日常口语中较少使用,若使用则略显正式,有时带有一丝刻意或幽默感,如“I'm in possession of a secret.”(我掌握着一个秘密。)。在文学作品中,可用于描述人物的拥有或控制,带有一定的书面色彩。
语法要点
该短语通常用作表语,主语为人或组织,后接名词或代词作宾语,结构为“be in possession of + 名词”。注意主语通常是有生命的或组织,不能是无生命物作主语,如不能说“The book is in possession of me.”,而应说“I am in possession of the book.”。另外,它强调状态,不用于进行时态,如不说“I am being in possession of...”。易错点:与“in the possession of”混淆,后者表示“被某人占有”,主语为物,如“The book is in the possession of the library.”(这本书归图书馆所有。)。
近义比较
与“have”相比,“in possession of”更正式、更强调法律或事实上的占有,而“have”是普通动词,口语中常用。与“own”相比,“own”指法律上的所有权,而“in possession of”仅指实际占有,不一定有所有权,例如“The thief is in possession of the stolen watch, but he doesn't own it.”。与“hold”相比,“hold”更强调“拿着”的动作或“持有”的主动控制,而“in possession of”更静态。与“occupy”相比,“occupy”更强调“占据”空间或时间,而“in possession of”更侧重对物品或信息的拥有。
使用注意
该短语属于正式用语,语域较高,不适合日常口语或非正式写作。它本身为中性,无褒贬色彩,但在法律语境中常与犯罪行为相关,如“possession of drugs”可能带负面暗示。常见误用包括:与“in the possession of”混淆,以及用无生命主语。另外,注意不要遗漏介词“of”,也不要将“possession”误写为“possesion”。在正式写作中,可用“possess”动词形式替代,但“in possession of”更强调状态。
常见搭配
be in possession of
in possession of a weapon
in possession of drugs
in possession of evidence
in possession of a passport
in possession of property
in possession of information
found in possession of
句子示例
The company is in possession of all necessary permits to start construction.该公司拥有开始施工所需的所有许可证。
The police arrested him because he was in possession of stolen property.警方逮捕了他,因为他持有赃物。
She is in possession of a remarkable collection of antique coins.她拥有一批令人惊叹的古钱币收藏。
The defendant was found in possession of illegal weapons.被告被发现持有非法武器。
In the negotiation, he was in possession of all the key facts.在谈判中,他掌握了所有关键事实。
The library is in possession of a rare first edition of the novel.该图书馆藏有这部小说的罕见初版。