appalled 常见于正式书面语和半正式口语中。在新闻报道中,它常用来描述公众或某人对暴力、丑闻、政策决定的强烈反应,如“The public was appalled by the corruption scandal.”。在学术写作中,它可用于分析历史事件或社会现象时表达道德义愤,但语气较强烈,需谨慎使用。在商务邮件中,它通常出现在投诉或严肃交涉中,表示对某行为“极为震惊和不满”,语气比 disappointed 重得多。在日常口语中,它不如 shocked 常用,但用于强调道德反感时很自然。在法律文本中较少直接使用,因为其主观色彩较强;在文学作品中,它常用来刻画人物面对残酷事件时的心理冲击。
语法要点
appalled 是形容词,不是动词过去式(尽管形式相同)。常见句型为“be appalled at/by sth”或“be appalled to do sth”或“be appalled that...”。例如:She was appalled at the news. / I was appalled to see the conditions. / They were appalled that no one had helped. 注意不要与动词 appall 的过去式混淆:The decision appalled everyone.(动词过去式)与 Everyone was appalled by the decision.(形容词)结构不同。appalled 通常作表语,也可作定语,如 an appalled expression(震惊的表情),但作定语时不如作表语常见。它不用于比较级或最高级,因为表示的是极端状态。
appalled 属于中高语域词汇,语气强烈,带有明显的道德评判色彩。它不适合用于轻描淡写的场合,比如“I was appalled by the rain”就不自然,因为下雨不会引发道德震惊。常见误用包括:一是将其误当作动词过去式,写出“I appalled by the news”这样的错句,正确应为“I was appalled by the news”;二是过度使用,把一般的不快或惊讶都称为 appalled,导致语气夸张。在正式写作中,它可用于表达强烈的道德立场,但在商务沟通中需注意分寸,以免显得过于情绪化。此外,appalled 不用于形容事物本身令人震惊,而是形容人的感受,如“The news was appalled”是错误的,应为“The news was appalling”。
常见搭配
be appalled at/by
be appalled to do sth
be appalled that...
look appalled
utterly appalled
appalled expression
appalled silence
deeply appalled
句子示例
We were appalled by the conditions in the refugee camp.我们对难民营的条件感到震惊。
She was appalled to learn that her colleague had been fired without warning.得知同事在毫无预警的情况下被解雇,她感到震惊。
The public was appalled at the government's handling of the crisis.公众对政府处理危机的方式感到震惊。
I am appalled that such behavior is still tolerated in the workplace.这种职场行为仍被容忍,我感到震惊。
He looked appalled when he saw the damage to his car.看到自己的车被损坏,他显得很震惊。
Many readers were appalled by the graphic description of violence in the novel.许多读者对小说中暴力的露骨描写感到震惊。